NOVEL NEXT Xueba starts with change
Chapter 461 Looking for that sliver of inspiration (1 in 2+)
Chapter 461 Looking for That Slight Inspiration (5000 in [-] [-]+)
Chen Zhou just stood there.
I stood there for a while without moving.
Yang Yiyi turned around and started busy with her own affairs.
She knew that Chen Zhou must not be disturbed at this time.
The time Chen Zhou froze alone was much longer than before.
This shows that Chen Zhou is trying to grasp at the moment, and that may be the inspiration she brought.
What Yang Yiyi thought was indeed right.
At this time, countless thoughts burst out in Chen Zhou's mind.
This is far beyond the idea of the topic about the linear representation of the Artin L function of the Galois group just now.
As time passed, Chen Zhou settled down for nearly 7 minutes.
Finally moved slowly.
Unlike before, this time he walked steadily to his desk.
Taking a look at the draft paper in his hand, Chen Zhou put them back on the table, and said silently in his heart: "Wait a minute..."
So I replaced the few pen refills left, and took out a new stack of draft paper for emergencies.
Afterwards, Chen Zhou began to devote himself to the pursuit of inspiration.
As we all know, particle detectors are indispensable tools and means in nuclear physics, particle physics research and radiation applications.
Of course, there are countless physical experiments that require detectors and advanced detection methods, or experiments in other disciplines.
Much more than particle detectors.
But the so-called detection has many similarities.
This is also one of the reasons why Chen Zhou asked Yang Yiyi for advice.
Chen Zhou began to write on the draft paper while recalling the document he had read.
It's not that he hasn't sorted out the principles and types of detectors.
It's just that he believes that in order to grasp the possible inspiration, it is extremely necessary to sort out these contents again.
As for whether I can find that trace of inspiration from the combing again, and successfully grasp it.
Chen Zhou didn't know anymore.
However, it is man-made.
On the draft paper, Chen Zhou wrote very quickly:
[When the particles interact with the matter in the detector, some kind of information is generated, such as electricity, light pulses or changes in the structure of materials.
After being amplified, it is recorded and analyzed to determine the number, position, energy, momentum, time of flight, speed, mass, etc. of particles, the required physical quantities.
According to the recording method, particle detectors are generally divided into two categories: counters and track chambers. 】
After writing this, Chen Zhou habitually took a pen and tapped twice on the draft paper.
After a short recollection, he went on to write:
[Counter class: record and analyze certain information generated by radiation in the form of electrical pulses.
Track room category: measure nuclear radiation by recording and analyzing track images generated by radiation. 】
After writing this paragraph, Chen Zhou stopped his pen again and habitually lit on the draft paper.
However, this time there are many more dots left on the draft paper than before.
Chen Zhou recalled all the particle detectors in his mind.
It is not limited to which kind of detector is needed in the glue ball experiment.
Using more to refer to less, from quantitative change to qualitative change, is a method Chen Zhou is familiar with.
"Particle detectors such as counters have the main types of ionization chambers, proportional counters, and Geiger counters. Gas ionization detectors that measure radiation by collecting ionized charges generated by rays in the gas."
"And multifilament chambers and drift chambers, which are variants of proportional counters, and others such as semiconductor detectors, scintillation counters, Cherenkov counters, passing radiation counters, electromagnetic calorimeters..."
"The structures of gas ionization detectors are basically similar. They are generally cylindrical containers with two electrodes, filled with some kind of gas, and a voltage is applied between the electrodes..."
"The difference is that the working voltage range is different. The working voltage of the ionization chamber is lower, and the ion pairs originally produced by the rays in the gas are directly collected..."
"However, the output pulse amplitude of the ionization chamber is small and the rise time is fast, which can be used for radiation dose measurement and energy spectrum measurement..."
Thinking of this, Chen Zhou muttered: "Structure, deconstruction?"
Immediately, he began to deconstruct the gas ionization detector on scratch paper.
Faced with this sudden thought, Chen Zhou naturally would not let it go.
All the ideas that came up in the process of sorting out and looking for possible inspiration.
He won't let it go!
After deconstructing the ionization chamber, Chen Zhou took a closer look at the content on the draft paper.
Only then began to deconstruct the proportional counter and Geiger counter which are both gas ionization detectors.
"In contrast, the working voltage of the proportional counter is higher, which can make the original ions moving at high speed in the electric field generate more ion pairs, and collect much more ion pairs than the original ion pairs on the electrode, that is, Gas amplification."
"...thereby a higher output pulse is obtained, and the pulse amplitude is proportional to the energy lost by the incident particles, which is suitable for energy spectrum measurement."
"The Geiger counter, also known as the Geiger-Müller counter or GM counter, has a higher operating voltage and multiple ionization processes."
"...so the amplitude of the output pulse is very high, which is no longer proportional to the number of ion pairs of the original ionization, and can be directly recorded without amplification."
"...it can only measure the number of particles but not the energy, and it takes a long time to complete a pulse count..."
When Chen Zhou was concentrating on his "deconstruction" research, Yang Yiyi tilted her head and gave him a special look.
Watched it for about 10 seconds.
Afterwards, Yang Yiyi began to think about what takeaway to bring Chen Zhou today.
Because judging from Chen Zhou's state, there will probably be continuous liver explosion research in the future.
I have to say that the work of deconstruction is not easy to do.
Compared with the previous combing, the time spent this time may be doubled.
And even more than that...
However, time is not about how much you have, but how you use it.
Spending time on meaningful things is the best way to enjoy time.
After the deconstruction of the gas ionization detector was completed, Chen Zhou began to deconstruct the multifilament chamber and the drift chamber.
Since it is a variant of the proportional counter, these two things must be more powerful than the proportional counter.
the reason is simple.
If the proportional counter is enough, then why create a multi-filament chamber and a drift chamber?
Indeed, the multifilament chamber and the drift chamber both count and distinguish the area through which charged particles pass.
Moreover, there is also a progressive relationship between the multi-filament room and the drift room.
There are many parallel electrode wires in the multi-wire chamber, which are in the working state of the proportional counter.
Each filament and its adjacent space are equivalent to a detector, which is connected with a recording instrument at the back.
Therefore, only when the detected particle enters the space adjacent to the filament, the recording apparatus associated therewith registers an event.
In order to reduce the number of electrode wires, the location of ion generation can be determined by measuring the time when ions drift to the wire. This requires another detector to give an initial signal and roughly specify the location where the event occurs.
A counting device made according to this principle is called a drift chamber.
It has better positional resolution, to the extent of 50 μm.
It's just that the progressive efficiency of the multi-filament chamber and the drift chamber is not high.
The count rate allowed by the drift chamber is not as high as that of the multifilament chamber.
Chen Zhou in front of the desk kept writing what was in his mind with the pen in his hand.
This state of complete immersion not only exerts his physics talent efficiently, but also drives his physics thinking, constantly searching for possible inspirations.
As the ink in the refill continues to decrease, the content on the draft paper increases.
The pile of blank draft paper is also being consumed at an even speed.
This also shows that Chen Zhou's thinking is extremely clear.
It also means that Chen Zhou's purpose is absolutely clear.
Near 1 o'clock in the afternoon, Yang Yiyi first broke away from her own world.
Tilting her head to look at Chen Zhou again, she was ready to buy lunch.
In order not to disturb Chen Zhou, Yang Yiyi kept her movements as light as possible.
In order not to make the chair move, Yang Yiyi turned around slightly before getting up.
Before leaving the dormitory, he turned the key and closed the door.
Because she knew that the current Chen Zhou only needed his own world.
To Chen Zhou, any unnecessary sound is like something from outside the sky.
After Yang Yiyi left, about 10 minutes later, Chen Zhou put down the pen in his hand.
However, after checking the time, Chen Zhou turned his head and didn't see Yang Yiyi.
After being stunned for a second, Chen Zhou smiled knowingly.
Because of Yang Yiyi's instructions, he didn't dare to neglect his three meals a day.
But now, he was finally able to do liver research with peace of mind.
At the same time, Chen Zhou still has some emotions. As expected, only when he has a partner by his side can he conduct a thorough research...
Without the slightest hesitation, Chen Zhou decisively rushed into the particle detector world he had just left.
"The carriers generated by the radiation in the semiconductor are collected under the reverse bias electric field, and the electric pulse signal generated is used to measure..."
Chen Zhou is quite familiar with semiconductor detectors.
Familiar with not only the semiconductor detector itself, but also the semiconductor device.
For the subject of No. 40 No. [-] Institute of Huaguo Science and Technology Group, he did not miss this information.
Moreover, in the subsequent particle accelerator experiments, and in his own physics graduation thesis, he also dealt with this thing a lot.
It is still a familiar thing, and the efficiency of Chen Zhou's deconstruction is naturally much higher.
"Silicon and germanium are commonly used as semiconductor materials in current semiconductor detectors, and there are mainly three types."
"The surface barrier type that sprays a layer of gold film on the n-type single crystal..."
"Diffusion junction type of impurity that can provide electrons is diffused into a p-type silicon wafer with high resistivity..."
"Lithium drift type after spraying a thin layer of metal lithium on the surface of p-type germanium or silicon and drifting..."
The improvement of efficiency is one aspect, and more thinking brought about by experience is another aspect.
On the draft paper, Chen Zhou circled "silicon" and "germanium" with a pen.
Then the word "Diamond" was marked on the side.
It seemed that it was not right, and the word "carbon" was added after "diamond".
Regarding the extension of this aspect, or perhaps the development of a new topic, Chen Zhou did not go into depth.
After all, for now, that's not the point.
After Yang Yiyi brought back lunch, Chen Zhou quickly solved the stomach problem.
For the next few days, it was like this almost every day.
Chen Zhou never left home, and depended on Yang Yiyi for food and drink.
His mind is full of particle detectors.
And the sub-topic in mathematics, as well as Goldbach's conjecture, were all put aside by Chen Zhou.
Under normal circumstances, research efficiency can indeed be improved to a certain extent through the exchange of disciplines.
After all, when the research of a subject is stagnant, it is always good to change your mind.
However, when the research of a discipline has entered a state of full-scale explosion, it is urgent to pursue that trace of inspiration.
It's completely different.
Only with full and uninterrupted devotion, the countless thoughts in the mind can be released.
"Scintillation counter is to hit the scintillator with charged particles, ionize and excite atoms or molecules, and emit light during the de-excitation process. Through optoelectronic devices such as photomultiplier tubes, the optical signal is converted into a measurable electrical signal for measurement. ..."
"In terms of characteristics, the resolution time is short, the efficiency is high, and the energy of the particles can also be measured according to the size of the electrical signal..."
"In subdivision, there are inorganic scintillators suitable for both energy measurement and time measurement..."
"Due to the short light decay time, organic scintillators are commonly used in time measurement, and the detection efficiency of charged particles is nearly [-]%..."
"And gas scintillators using inert gases such as helium, which have low luminous efficiency but short light decay time..."
After the semiconductor detector, the next thing Chen Zhou completed was the deconstruction of the scintillation counter.
So far, Chen Zhou has deconstructed the most basic detector.
Later, he will be more concerned about several types of detectors.
"The previous one took a day and a half, and it took a total of about 23 hours..."
Before starting the deconstruction of the next detector, Chen Zhou silently calculated the time it would take.
It has to be said that Chen Zhou is the best in terms of efficiency and tenacity.
But he still doesn't think it's enough.
time is tight.
"It will take another three days!"
Silently set a deadline for himself, Chen Zhou's eyes showed a trace of determination.
Although Professor Friedman hadn't found himself even after Coyle and Matheson came.
But this glue ball experiment topic really can't be delayed any longer.
It will be 2017 soon!
Do you want to bring this thing with you for New Year's Eve?
If it's because he didn't grasp that sliver of inspiration in the end, then he has nothing to say.
But if it's because of his seriousness, or the efficiency of deconstruction, he didn't reach the limit, which led to the New Year's Eve.
Then he is absolutely not allowed!
After the time limit was set, Chen Zhou increased the intensity of his liver explosion again.
"Cherenkov radiation is produced when high-speed charged particles move faster than light in a transparent medium."
"Its radiation angle is related to the particle velocity, thus providing a detector for measuring the velocity of charged particles, namely a Cherenkov counter..."
"Cherenkov counters are often used in conjunction with photomultiplier tubes. They can be divided into two types: the threshold type that only records particles greater than a certain speed, and the differential type that only selects particles with a certain speed..."
After the deconstruction of the Cherenkov counter was completed, Chen Zhou immediately devoted himself to the deconstruction of the cross-radiation counter.
This is a new method for identifying high-energy particles in this energy region when the particle speed is extremely high, very close to the speed of light, and the time-of-flight and Cherenkov counters cannot be used to identify the particles by distinguishing the speed.
The high-speed charged particles passing through the interface between the two media will produce crossing radiation, and the energy of the radiation is proportional to the energy of the particles.
July 12, 28:3 AM.
Chen Zhou turned off the lights and went to sleep after completing the deconstruction of the radiation counter.
Although it was late, Chen Zhou felt very fulfilled.
At 8 o'clock in the morning, Chen Zhou got up, after a simple wash, finished the breakfast bought by Yang Yiyi, and then continued to start his work.
That's right, Chen Zhou has temporarily canceled his morning run.
All the external factors that interfere with the time are all excluded by him.
"Electromagnetic calorimeter, also called shower counter, high-energy electrons or gamma photons will generate electromagnetic showers in the medium, and the total energy loss of the secondary particles is proportional to the total energy of the incident particles..."
"Thus, once the total energy loss is collected, the total energy of the particle can be determined..."
Halfway through the deconstruction of the electromagnetic calorimeter, Chen Zhou stopped the pen in his hand and found the draft paper that had been deconstructed two days ago.
The reason is that this thing is divided into two types: full absorption type and sampling type.
The sampling type is formed by overlapping a sampling counter and a lead plate.
And sampling counters can be liquid argon ionization chambers, plastic scintillation counters, and multifilament chambers...
July 12, 29:3 AM.
Following the completion of the deconstruction of the electromagnetic calorimeter, Chen Zhou completed the deconstruction of the hadron calorimeter and the self-quenching streamer counter.
Only then did I turn off the lights and go to sleep contentedly.
At 11:11 in the morning, Chen Zhou deconstructed all the counter-type particle detectors.
Immediately, the deconstruction work of track chamber type particle detectors began.
With the previous experience, Chen Zhou's efficiency has once again improved a bit.
And that glimmer of inspiration seemed to be right in front of my eyes.
Chen Zhou had a hunch that the time to seize it should not be far away.
"The 'nuclear emulsion method' of photographic emulsions capable of recording individual tracks of charged particles..."
"Make the ion groups generated by incident particles form condensation centers in supersaturated vapor to form liquid droplets, and form gasification centers in superheated liquids to become bubbles, and record them by means of photography to make the track of charged particles visible The 'cloud chamber and bubble chamber method'..."
August 12th, at 30:4 am.
After deconstructing the 'nuclear emulsion method' and 'cloud chamber and bubble chamber method', Chen Zhou turned off the lights and went to sleep.
Although I know that after waking up, I will be able to deconstruct all the particle detectors according to the deadline.
But even if Chen Zhou fell asleep, he still maintained a state of being ready to work.
In fact, Chen Zhou also wanted to stay up all night and continue his research.
But he knew that the state of extreme fatigue would seriously slow down the speed of research.
Although he slept for a short time now, it was far better than not sleeping at all.
The human body is sometimes very strange. Even if we sleep more during the day, it is not as good as the few hours of sleep at night.
"When particles enter the device to generate ionization, the ions move under a strong electric field, forming multiple ionizations, and proliferate very quickly. During the multiple ionization process, streamers are first generated, and then sparks are generated, making the tracks of charged particles visible..."
"Heavily charged particles hit materials such as mica and plastic, causing damage along the path. After chemical etching, the damage is enlarged into observable cavities..."
12:34am.
While Chen Zhou habitually tapped the draft paper with a pen, he also let out a long sigh of relief.
All the particle detectors, all the particle detectors in that literature.
Chen Zhou has already completed the deconstruction of them.
Instead of touching the draft paper with a pen, Chen Zhou slowly put down the pen in his hand.
He took all the large stacks of draft paper that Baogan had obtained in the past few days.
Then, take the wrong question set to the side.
Chen Zhou, who looked at these two things, had extremely sharp eyes.
The trace of inspiration that had been chasing after him finally became clear.
Regarding the glue ball experiment subject, the required detection method, or particle detector.
Chen Zhou already had an idea.
And now, it's time to grab that sliver of inspiration.
And verified it thoroughly!
Thanks to the book friends Chunfeng Dongyang for rewarding Chen Zhou, Yang Yiyi, and the book for a total of 500 starting coins!
Thanks for the 100 starting coins rewarded by book friend Funv Xuetuanzi!
PS: This shows that Chen Zhou and Yang Yiyi are still good, hehe...
(End of this chapter)
Chen Zhou just stood there.
I stood there for a while without moving.
Yang Yiyi turned around and started busy with her own affairs.
She knew that Chen Zhou must not be disturbed at this time.
The time Chen Zhou froze alone was much longer than before.
This shows that Chen Zhou is trying to grasp at the moment, and that may be the inspiration she brought.
What Yang Yiyi thought was indeed right.
At this time, countless thoughts burst out in Chen Zhou's mind.
This is far beyond the idea of the topic about the linear representation of the Artin L function of the Galois group just now.
As time passed, Chen Zhou settled down for nearly 7 minutes.
Finally moved slowly.
Unlike before, this time he walked steadily to his desk.
Taking a look at the draft paper in his hand, Chen Zhou put them back on the table, and said silently in his heart: "Wait a minute..."
So I replaced the few pen refills left, and took out a new stack of draft paper for emergencies.
Afterwards, Chen Zhou began to devote himself to the pursuit of inspiration.
As we all know, particle detectors are indispensable tools and means in nuclear physics, particle physics research and radiation applications.
Of course, there are countless physical experiments that require detectors and advanced detection methods, or experiments in other disciplines.
Much more than particle detectors.
But the so-called detection has many similarities.
This is also one of the reasons why Chen Zhou asked Yang Yiyi for advice.
Chen Zhou began to write on the draft paper while recalling the document he had read.
It's not that he hasn't sorted out the principles and types of detectors.
It's just that he believes that in order to grasp the possible inspiration, it is extremely necessary to sort out these contents again.
As for whether I can find that trace of inspiration from the combing again, and successfully grasp it.
Chen Zhou didn't know anymore.
However, it is man-made.
On the draft paper, Chen Zhou wrote very quickly:
[When the particles interact with the matter in the detector, some kind of information is generated, such as electricity, light pulses or changes in the structure of materials.
After being amplified, it is recorded and analyzed to determine the number, position, energy, momentum, time of flight, speed, mass, etc. of particles, the required physical quantities.
According to the recording method, particle detectors are generally divided into two categories: counters and track chambers. 】
After writing this, Chen Zhou habitually took a pen and tapped twice on the draft paper.
After a short recollection, he went on to write:
[Counter class: record and analyze certain information generated by radiation in the form of electrical pulses.
Track room category: measure nuclear radiation by recording and analyzing track images generated by radiation. 】
After writing this paragraph, Chen Zhou stopped his pen again and habitually lit on the draft paper.
However, this time there are many more dots left on the draft paper than before.
Chen Zhou recalled all the particle detectors in his mind.
It is not limited to which kind of detector is needed in the glue ball experiment.
Using more to refer to less, from quantitative change to qualitative change, is a method Chen Zhou is familiar with.
"Particle detectors such as counters have the main types of ionization chambers, proportional counters, and Geiger counters. Gas ionization detectors that measure radiation by collecting ionized charges generated by rays in the gas."
"And multifilament chambers and drift chambers, which are variants of proportional counters, and others such as semiconductor detectors, scintillation counters, Cherenkov counters, passing radiation counters, electromagnetic calorimeters..."
"The structures of gas ionization detectors are basically similar. They are generally cylindrical containers with two electrodes, filled with some kind of gas, and a voltage is applied between the electrodes..."
"The difference is that the working voltage range is different. The working voltage of the ionization chamber is lower, and the ion pairs originally produced by the rays in the gas are directly collected..."
"However, the output pulse amplitude of the ionization chamber is small and the rise time is fast, which can be used for radiation dose measurement and energy spectrum measurement..."
Thinking of this, Chen Zhou muttered: "Structure, deconstruction?"
Immediately, he began to deconstruct the gas ionization detector on scratch paper.
Faced with this sudden thought, Chen Zhou naturally would not let it go.
All the ideas that came up in the process of sorting out and looking for possible inspiration.
He won't let it go!
After deconstructing the ionization chamber, Chen Zhou took a closer look at the content on the draft paper.
Only then began to deconstruct the proportional counter and Geiger counter which are both gas ionization detectors.
"In contrast, the working voltage of the proportional counter is higher, which can make the original ions moving at high speed in the electric field generate more ion pairs, and collect much more ion pairs than the original ion pairs on the electrode, that is, Gas amplification."
"...thereby a higher output pulse is obtained, and the pulse amplitude is proportional to the energy lost by the incident particles, which is suitable for energy spectrum measurement."
"The Geiger counter, also known as the Geiger-Müller counter or GM counter, has a higher operating voltage and multiple ionization processes."
"...so the amplitude of the output pulse is very high, which is no longer proportional to the number of ion pairs of the original ionization, and can be directly recorded without amplification."
"...it can only measure the number of particles but not the energy, and it takes a long time to complete a pulse count..."
When Chen Zhou was concentrating on his "deconstruction" research, Yang Yiyi tilted her head and gave him a special look.
Watched it for about 10 seconds.
Afterwards, Yang Yiyi began to think about what takeaway to bring Chen Zhou today.
Because judging from Chen Zhou's state, there will probably be continuous liver explosion research in the future.
I have to say that the work of deconstruction is not easy to do.
Compared with the previous combing, the time spent this time may be doubled.
And even more than that...
However, time is not about how much you have, but how you use it.
Spending time on meaningful things is the best way to enjoy time.
After the deconstruction of the gas ionization detector was completed, Chen Zhou began to deconstruct the multifilament chamber and the drift chamber.
Since it is a variant of the proportional counter, these two things must be more powerful than the proportional counter.
the reason is simple.
If the proportional counter is enough, then why create a multi-filament chamber and a drift chamber?
Indeed, the multifilament chamber and the drift chamber both count and distinguish the area through which charged particles pass.
Moreover, there is also a progressive relationship between the multi-filament room and the drift room.
There are many parallel electrode wires in the multi-wire chamber, which are in the working state of the proportional counter.
Each filament and its adjacent space are equivalent to a detector, which is connected with a recording instrument at the back.
Therefore, only when the detected particle enters the space adjacent to the filament, the recording apparatus associated therewith registers an event.
In order to reduce the number of electrode wires, the location of ion generation can be determined by measuring the time when ions drift to the wire. This requires another detector to give an initial signal and roughly specify the location where the event occurs.
A counting device made according to this principle is called a drift chamber.
It has better positional resolution, to the extent of 50 μm.
It's just that the progressive efficiency of the multi-filament chamber and the drift chamber is not high.
The count rate allowed by the drift chamber is not as high as that of the multifilament chamber.
Chen Zhou in front of the desk kept writing what was in his mind with the pen in his hand.
This state of complete immersion not only exerts his physics talent efficiently, but also drives his physics thinking, constantly searching for possible inspirations.
As the ink in the refill continues to decrease, the content on the draft paper increases.
The pile of blank draft paper is also being consumed at an even speed.
This also shows that Chen Zhou's thinking is extremely clear.
It also means that Chen Zhou's purpose is absolutely clear.
Near 1 o'clock in the afternoon, Yang Yiyi first broke away from her own world.
Tilting her head to look at Chen Zhou again, she was ready to buy lunch.
In order not to disturb Chen Zhou, Yang Yiyi kept her movements as light as possible.
In order not to make the chair move, Yang Yiyi turned around slightly before getting up.
Before leaving the dormitory, he turned the key and closed the door.
Because she knew that the current Chen Zhou only needed his own world.
To Chen Zhou, any unnecessary sound is like something from outside the sky.
After Yang Yiyi left, about 10 minutes later, Chen Zhou put down the pen in his hand.
However, after checking the time, Chen Zhou turned his head and didn't see Yang Yiyi.
After being stunned for a second, Chen Zhou smiled knowingly.
Because of Yang Yiyi's instructions, he didn't dare to neglect his three meals a day.
But now, he was finally able to do liver research with peace of mind.
At the same time, Chen Zhou still has some emotions. As expected, only when he has a partner by his side can he conduct a thorough research...
Without the slightest hesitation, Chen Zhou decisively rushed into the particle detector world he had just left.
"The carriers generated by the radiation in the semiconductor are collected under the reverse bias electric field, and the electric pulse signal generated is used to measure..."
Chen Zhou is quite familiar with semiconductor detectors.
Familiar with not only the semiconductor detector itself, but also the semiconductor device.
For the subject of No. 40 No. [-] Institute of Huaguo Science and Technology Group, he did not miss this information.
Moreover, in the subsequent particle accelerator experiments, and in his own physics graduation thesis, he also dealt with this thing a lot.
It is still a familiar thing, and the efficiency of Chen Zhou's deconstruction is naturally much higher.
"Silicon and germanium are commonly used as semiconductor materials in current semiconductor detectors, and there are mainly three types."
"The surface barrier type that sprays a layer of gold film on the n-type single crystal..."
"Diffusion junction type of impurity that can provide electrons is diffused into a p-type silicon wafer with high resistivity..."
"Lithium drift type after spraying a thin layer of metal lithium on the surface of p-type germanium or silicon and drifting..."
The improvement of efficiency is one aspect, and more thinking brought about by experience is another aspect.
On the draft paper, Chen Zhou circled "silicon" and "germanium" with a pen.
Then the word "Diamond" was marked on the side.
It seemed that it was not right, and the word "carbon" was added after "diamond".
Regarding the extension of this aspect, or perhaps the development of a new topic, Chen Zhou did not go into depth.
After all, for now, that's not the point.
After Yang Yiyi brought back lunch, Chen Zhou quickly solved the stomach problem.
For the next few days, it was like this almost every day.
Chen Zhou never left home, and depended on Yang Yiyi for food and drink.
His mind is full of particle detectors.
And the sub-topic in mathematics, as well as Goldbach's conjecture, were all put aside by Chen Zhou.
Under normal circumstances, research efficiency can indeed be improved to a certain extent through the exchange of disciplines.
After all, when the research of a subject is stagnant, it is always good to change your mind.
However, when the research of a discipline has entered a state of full-scale explosion, it is urgent to pursue that trace of inspiration.
It's completely different.
Only with full and uninterrupted devotion, the countless thoughts in the mind can be released.
"Scintillation counter is to hit the scintillator with charged particles, ionize and excite atoms or molecules, and emit light during the de-excitation process. Through optoelectronic devices such as photomultiplier tubes, the optical signal is converted into a measurable electrical signal for measurement. ..."
"In terms of characteristics, the resolution time is short, the efficiency is high, and the energy of the particles can also be measured according to the size of the electrical signal..."
"In subdivision, there are inorganic scintillators suitable for both energy measurement and time measurement..."
"Due to the short light decay time, organic scintillators are commonly used in time measurement, and the detection efficiency of charged particles is nearly [-]%..."
"And gas scintillators using inert gases such as helium, which have low luminous efficiency but short light decay time..."
After the semiconductor detector, the next thing Chen Zhou completed was the deconstruction of the scintillation counter.
So far, Chen Zhou has deconstructed the most basic detector.
Later, he will be more concerned about several types of detectors.
"The previous one took a day and a half, and it took a total of about 23 hours..."
Before starting the deconstruction of the next detector, Chen Zhou silently calculated the time it would take.
It has to be said that Chen Zhou is the best in terms of efficiency and tenacity.
But he still doesn't think it's enough.
time is tight.
"It will take another three days!"
Silently set a deadline for himself, Chen Zhou's eyes showed a trace of determination.
Although Professor Friedman hadn't found himself even after Coyle and Matheson came.
But this glue ball experiment topic really can't be delayed any longer.
It will be 2017 soon!
Do you want to bring this thing with you for New Year's Eve?
If it's because he didn't grasp that sliver of inspiration in the end, then he has nothing to say.
But if it's because of his seriousness, or the efficiency of deconstruction, he didn't reach the limit, which led to the New Year's Eve.
Then he is absolutely not allowed!
After the time limit was set, Chen Zhou increased the intensity of his liver explosion again.
"Cherenkov radiation is produced when high-speed charged particles move faster than light in a transparent medium."
"Its radiation angle is related to the particle velocity, thus providing a detector for measuring the velocity of charged particles, namely a Cherenkov counter..."
"Cherenkov counters are often used in conjunction with photomultiplier tubes. They can be divided into two types: the threshold type that only records particles greater than a certain speed, and the differential type that only selects particles with a certain speed..."
After the deconstruction of the Cherenkov counter was completed, Chen Zhou immediately devoted himself to the deconstruction of the cross-radiation counter.
This is a new method for identifying high-energy particles in this energy region when the particle speed is extremely high, very close to the speed of light, and the time-of-flight and Cherenkov counters cannot be used to identify the particles by distinguishing the speed.
The high-speed charged particles passing through the interface between the two media will produce crossing radiation, and the energy of the radiation is proportional to the energy of the particles.
July 12, 28:3 AM.
Chen Zhou turned off the lights and went to sleep after completing the deconstruction of the radiation counter.
Although it was late, Chen Zhou felt very fulfilled.
At 8 o'clock in the morning, Chen Zhou got up, after a simple wash, finished the breakfast bought by Yang Yiyi, and then continued to start his work.
That's right, Chen Zhou has temporarily canceled his morning run.
All the external factors that interfere with the time are all excluded by him.
"Electromagnetic calorimeter, also called shower counter, high-energy electrons or gamma photons will generate electromagnetic showers in the medium, and the total energy loss of the secondary particles is proportional to the total energy of the incident particles..."
"Thus, once the total energy loss is collected, the total energy of the particle can be determined..."
Halfway through the deconstruction of the electromagnetic calorimeter, Chen Zhou stopped the pen in his hand and found the draft paper that had been deconstructed two days ago.
The reason is that this thing is divided into two types: full absorption type and sampling type.
The sampling type is formed by overlapping a sampling counter and a lead plate.
And sampling counters can be liquid argon ionization chambers, plastic scintillation counters, and multifilament chambers...
July 12, 29:3 AM.
Following the completion of the deconstruction of the electromagnetic calorimeter, Chen Zhou completed the deconstruction of the hadron calorimeter and the self-quenching streamer counter.
Only then did I turn off the lights and go to sleep contentedly.
At 11:11 in the morning, Chen Zhou deconstructed all the counter-type particle detectors.
Immediately, the deconstruction work of track chamber type particle detectors began.
With the previous experience, Chen Zhou's efficiency has once again improved a bit.
And that glimmer of inspiration seemed to be right in front of my eyes.
Chen Zhou had a hunch that the time to seize it should not be far away.
"The 'nuclear emulsion method' of photographic emulsions capable of recording individual tracks of charged particles..."
"Make the ion groups generated by incident particles form condensation centers in supersaturated vapor to form liquid droplets, and form gasification centers in superheated liquids to become bubbles, and record them by means of photography to make the track of charged particles visible The 'cloud chamber and bubble chamber method'..."
August 12th, at 30:4 am.
After deconstructing the 'nuclear emulsion method' and 'cloud chamber and bubble chamber method', Chen Zhou turned off the lights and went to sleep.
Although I know that after waking up, I will be able to deconstruct all the particle detectors according to the deadline.
But even if Chen Zhou fell asleep, he still maintained a state of being ready to work.
In fact, Chen Zhou also wanted to stay up all night and continue his research.
But he knew that the state of extreme fatigue would seriously slow down the speed of research.
Although he slept for a short time now, it was far better than not sleeping at all.
The human body is sometimes very strange. Even if we sleep more during the day, it is not as good as the few hours of sleep at night.
"When particles enter the device to generate ionization, the ions move under a strong electric field, forming multiple ionizations, and proliferate very quickly. During the multiple ionization process, streamers are first generated, and then sparks are generated, making the tracks of charged particles visible..."
"Heavily charged particles hit materials such as mica and plastic, causing damage along the path. After chemical etching, the damage is enlarged into observable cavities..."
12:34am.
While Chen Zhou habitually tapped the draft paper with a pen, he also let out a long sigh of relief.
All the particle detectors, all the particle detectors in that literature.
Chen Zhou has already completed the deconstruction of them.
Instead of touching the draft paper with a pen, Chen Zhou slowly put down the pen in his hand.
He took all the large stacks of draft paper that Baogan had obtained in the past few days.
Then, take the wrong question set to the side.
Chen Zhou, who looked at these two things, had extremely sharp eyes.
The trace of inspiration that had been chasing after him finally became clear.
Regarding the glue ball experiment subject, the required detection method, or particle detector.
Chen Zhou already had an idea.
And now, it's time to grab that sliver of inspiration.
And verified it thoroughly!
Thanks to the book friends Chunfeng Dongyang for rewarding Chen Zhou, Yang Yiyi, and the book for a total of 500 starting coins!
Thanks for the 100 starting coins rewarded by book friend Funv Xuetuanzi!
PS: This shows that Chen Zhou and Yang Yiyi are still good, hehe...
(End of this chapter)
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